英語での見積書・請求書の書き方|ビジネス文書の基本
国際取引において、見積書(Quotation)と請求書(Invoice)は最も重要なビジネス文書です。正確で明確な文書を作成することで、取引をスムーズに進め、トラブルを防ぐことができます。
この記事では、英語での見積書・請求書の基本的な書き方と、よく使われる表現を解説します。テンプレートと例文を参考に、プロフェッショナルな文書を作成しましょう。
見積書の構成
英語の見積書(Quotation / Quote / Estimate)には、以下の要素を含めます。
見積書の基本構成:
-
Document Header(文書ヘッダー)
- QUOTATION(見積書タイトル)
- Quotation Number(見積番号)
- Date(作成日)
- Valid Until / Expiry Date(有効期限)
-
Company Information(自社情報)
- Company Name(会社名)
- Address(住所)
- Contact Information(連絡先)
- Tax ID / Registration Number(法人番号等)
-
Client Information(顧客情報)
- Company Name / Client Name
- Address
- Contact Person
- Email / Phone
-
Quotation Details(見積明細)
- Item Description(品目)
- Quantity(数量)
- Unit Price(単価)
- Amount(金額)
-
Summary(合計)
- Subtotal(小計)
- Tax(税)
- Total(合計)
-
Terms & Conditions(条件)
- Payment Terms(支払条件)
- Delivery Terms(納品条件)
- Validity Period(有効期間)
見積書のテンプレート:
=====================================
QUOTATION
=====================================
Quotation No: QT-2024-0123
Date: January 20, 2024
Valid Until: February 20, 2024
FROM: TO:
ABC Corporation XYZ Company Ltd.
123 Business Street 456 Commerce Road
Tokyo 150-0001, Japan Singapore 123456
Tel: +81-3-1234-5678 Attn: Mr. John Smith
Email: sales@abc-corp.com Email: j.smith@xyz.com
-------------------------------------
QUOTATION DETAILS
-------------------------------------
| No | Description | Qty | Unit Price | Amount |
|----|----------------------|-----|------------|-----------|
| 1 | Product A (Model X) | 100 | $50.00 | $5,000.00 |
| 2 | Product B (Model Y) | 50 | $80.00 | $4,000.00 |
| 3 | Shipping & Handling | 1 | $500.00 | $500.00 |
-------------------------------------
Subtotal: $9,500.00
Tax (10%): $950.00
TOTAL: $10,450.00
-------------------------------------
TERMS & CONDITIONS:
- Payment: 50% deposit upon order, balance before shipment
- Delivery: Within 30 days after receipt of deposit
- Validity: This quotation is valid for 30 days
- Currency: All prices in USD
Prepared by: Kenji Tanaka, Sales Manager
=====================================
請求書の構成
請求書(Invoice)は、見積書と似た構成ですが、法的な支払い義務を伴う重要な文書です。
請求書の基本構成:
-
Document Header(文書ヘッダー)
- INVOICE(請求書タイトル)
- Invoice Number(請求書番号)
- Invoice Date(発行日)
- Due Date(支払期限)
-
Billing Information(請求先情報)
- Bill To(請求先)
- Ship To(配送先)※異なる場合
-
Invoice Details(請求明細)
- Description(品目)
- Quantity(数量)
- Unit Price(単価)
- Amount(金額)
-
Payment Information(支払情報)
- Bank Details(振込先)
- Payment Methods(支払方法)
- Payment Terms(支払条件)
請求書のテンプレート:
=====================================
INVOICE
=====================================
Invoice No: INV-2024-0456
Invoice Date: January 25, 2024
Due Date: February 25, 2024
PO Number: PO-2024-789
FROM: BILL TO:
ABC Corporation XYZ Company Ltd.
123 Business Street 456 Commerce Road
Tokyo 150-0001, Japan Singapore 123456
Tax ID: 1234567890 Attn: Accounts Payable
-------------------------------------
INVOICE DETAILS
-------------------------------------
| No | Description | Qty | Unit Price | Amount |
|----|----------------------|-----|------------|-----------|
| 1 | Product A (Model X) | 100 | $50.00 | $5,000.00 |
| 2 | Product B (Model Y) | 50 | $80.00 | $4,000.00 |
| 3 | Shipping & Handling | 1 | $500.00 | $500.00 |
-------------------------------------
Subtotal: $9,500.00
Tax (10%): $950.00
TOTAL DUE: $10,450.00
-------------------------------------
PAYMENT INFORMATION:
Bank Name: Tokyo International Bank
Account Name: ABC Corporation
Account Number: 1234567890
SWIFT Code: TIBKJPJT
Branch: Shibuya Branch
Payment Terms: Net 30 days
Please include invoice number in payment reference.
Thank you for your business!
=====================================
主要表現
見積書・請求書で使われる主要な英語表現を紹介します。
見積書関連:
| 日本語 | 英語 |
|---|---|
| 見積書 | Quotation / Quote / Estimate |
| 見積番号 | Quotation Number / Quote No. |
| 有効期限 | Valid Until / Expiry Date |
| 単価 | Unit Price |
| 数量 | Quantity (Qty) |
| 小計 | Subtotal |
| 合計 | Total / Grand Total |
| 税抜き | Excluding Tax / Before Tax |
| 税込み | Including Tax / Tax Inclusive |
請求書関連:
| 日本語 | 英語 |
|---|---|
| 請求書 | Invoice |
| 請求書番号 | Invoice Number / Invoice No. |
| 発行日 | Invoice Date / Date of Issue |
| 支払期限 | Due Date / Payment Due |
| 注文番号 | Purchase Order (PO) Number |
| 請求先 | Bill To |
| 配送先 | Ship To |
| 支払済み | Paid |
| 未払い | Unpaid / Outstanding |
支払条件:
| 条件 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| Net 30 | 30日以内に支払い |
| Net 60 | 60日以内に支払い |
| Due on Receipt | 受領後即時支払い |
| COD (Cash on Delivery) | 代金引換 |
| 50% Deposit | 50%前払い |
| Payment in Advance | 前払い |
配送条件(インコタームズ):
| 条件 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| FOB (Free on Board) | 本船渡し |
| CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) | 運賃保険料込み |
| DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) | 関税込み持込渡し |
| EXW (Ex Works) | 工場渡し |
例文
見積書・請求書に添付するメールの例文を紹介します。
見積書送付メール:
Subject: Quotation for Product Order - QT-2024-0123
Dear Mr. Smith,
Thank you for your inquiry regarding our products.
Please find attached our quotation (QT-2024-0123) for the items
you requested. The quotation includes:
- 100 units of Product A (Model X)
- 50 units of Product B (Model Y)
- Shipping and handling
Total amount: $10,450.00 (including 10% tax)
This quotation is valid until February 20, 2024.
Please note the following terms:
- Payment: 50% deposit upon order confirmation
- Delivery: Within 30 days after receipt of deposit
If you have any questions or would like to discuss the pricing,
please don't hesitate to contact me.
We look forward to doing business with you.
Best regards,
Kenji Tanaka
Sales Manager
ABC Corporation
請求書送付メール:
Subject: Invoice #INV-2024-0456 - Payment Due February 25, 2024
Dear Mr. Smith,
Please find attached Invoice #INV-2024-0456 for your recent order.
Invoice Details:
- Invoice Number: INV-2024-0456
- Invoice Date: January 25, 2024
- Amount Due: $10,450.00
- Due Date: February 25, 2024
Payment can be made via bank transfer to the account details
provided on the invoice. Please include the invoice number
in your payment reference.
If you have any questions regarding this invoice, please
contact our accounts department at accounts@abc-corp.com.
Thank you for your business.
Best regards,
Kenji Tanaka
Sales Manager
ABC Corporation
支払い確認メール:
Subject: Payment Confirmation - Invoice #INV-2024-0456
Dear Mr. Smith,
We are pleased to confirm receipt of your payment for
Invoice #INV-2024-0456.
Payment Details:
- Invoice Number: INV-2024-0456
- Amount Received: $10,450.00
- Date Received: February 20, 2024
Thank you for your prompt payment. Your order will be
processed and shipped within the next 5 business days.
If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us.
Best regards,
Kenji Tanaka
まとめ
英語での見積書・請求書のポイントをまとめます。
見積書のポイント:
- 有効期限を明記する
- 単価と合計を明確に
- 支払条件・納品条件を記載
- 通貨を明示する
請求書のポイント:
- 請求書番号を一意に
- 支払期限を明確に
- 振込先情報を正確に
- 注文番号(PO番号)を参照
共通の注意点:
- 数字は正確に(特に金額)
- 税の扱いを明確に(税込/税抜)
- 必要な情報をすべて含める
- プロフェッショナルなフォーマット
見積書・請求書は、取引の基盤となる重要な文書です。正確で明確な文書を作成することで、スムーズな取引と良好なビジネス関係を築きましょう。